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Speaking of page 3, Google's been asking me to sign in if I try to go beyond page 2 of search results. What a wonderful modern WWW we live in.

That somehow hurts me to hear more than anything. I remember days spent in my youth trawling through Google search for anime fandoms and homework answers. Joke used to be that beyond page 1 is the definition of desperation and in the 00s that was definitely true but I discovered a lot of cool distractions in that desperation. This feels like they killed Google Reader again.

Don't know how modern this is, but I remember being disappointed that despite Google claiming it had billions of results, you could only see a few pages' worth.

Looking now, I've just noticed they no longer give a count of results.


Click on "Tools", you'll see the old number and search time if you so desire

I agree with your concerns but also think that a new viable browser engine will be such a benefit to the health of the open web that I'm willing to overlook such irregularities, at least for now. sqlite doesn't accept contributions either and it's done well for itself, and if Ladybird ends up going sour there's always the possibility of a fork. This is similar to my stance towards Firefox: despite the actions of Mozilla Corp, having at least one non-Blink engine is too important, and for friends and family that I care about, working ad-blockers are essential so there's no practical alternative.

Multiple browser engines reimplementing the same things fragments engineering resources and blink based browsers do have working as blockers. In fact ladybird uses the same adblocker as Brave, which is blink based.

It also fragments power, which makes it worth it.

Power is proportional to browser market share, not the engines the browsers use.

Firefox is great, and I use and recommend it as daily driver, but the actions of Mozilla leadership are really hard to differentiate from deliberately managed decline. It will be interesting to see what happens as Ladybird matures.

I wonder if at any point during writing, the heroic author of that Super Metroid guide learned that "missiles" are not spent "missles", and decided to own the mistake rather than reword the entire guide.

Also, the font used for the monospace examples in the post is a great kick to the nostalgia. Which one is it? It reminds me of https://int10h.org/oldschool-pc-fonts/fontlist/font?ibm_vga_...


Judging by the lowercase “m” it’s the 8x16 variation[1] and not the 9x16 one you linked, but otherwise yes, looks like the plain old VGA font? (Incorrectly displayed, as the site points out: the VGA didn’t have square pixels in either of those modes.) The site uses (AVIF) images in place of text, but it’s like 15 minutes to write a program that typesets an ASCII file in a given monospace bitmap font and writes out the result as say a PPM (and I’m sure ImageMagick can do it if you’d rather dig through docs than program), so this doesn’t seem to require any further explanation?

[1] https://int10h.org/oldschool-pc-fonts/fontlist/font?ibm_vga_...


Funny tidbit: "missile" used to be an adjective, "a missile weapon" = "a weapon than can be sent/thrown".

Same with cereals, "cereal" was an adjective that meant "relative to the goddess Ceres" then "relative to bread/wheat". "Cereal plants" -> cereals.

It's called "nominalization (or substantivization) by ellipsis".


> Funny tidbit: "missile" used to be an adjective, "a missile weapon" = "a weapon than can be sent/thrown".

Related bit of comedy:

> Note also that the correct term for 'a missile to be deployed against "anti-missile missiles"' is not "anti anti-missile missile." It's "anti anti-missile-missile missile." You're always supposed to have one more "missile" than "anti," because otherwise nothing will blow up.

-- https://www.schlockmercenary.com/2005-03-16


Related:

https://gundam.fandom.com/wiki/Neutron_Jammer_Canceller

I wonder how often *teleports behind you* shows up in space operas.


Reminds me of how some people (groups? cultures?) call a lathe a “lathe machine.”


Machine lathe sounds more natural in English, but presumably that qualification may well be to distinguish a machine lathe from a foot lathe.

* https://www.renaissancewoodworker.com/foot-powered-wood-turn...


I think you meant "spelt" rather than spent. A but ironic, all things considered.


Now I'm wondering if you meant to use but instead of bit intentionally or not... I'm not great with subtle humor in writing.


You just never know these days. It could be a smartphone keyboard issue.

How much time should a person spend reviewing their comment before hitting reply?

There is a bar of quality each of us expects everyone else to follow. Sometimes we meet expectations, other times we ruffle feathers. How much should you even care?

If we all spew typos, you'll probably care less. If everyone else is carefully reviewing their posts, you might care.

In both cases, it makes no real difference unless the information being transferred is important to you (recipe, design doc, vs shitposts). How much mental friction can you tolerate?

Furthermroe, studeis shoew you can swap the arranrgment of most lettres (ecxept for the frist and last letetrs) in text and you stlil get the piont farily esaily.



Muphry's law, innit


oh ironny


I think you menat to spell "irony"


Nah, they were talking bout the taste of nails.

And there I was wondering about used missiles!

Apparently, I googled, “expended ordnance” is the term.


I did, yes. A but ironic indeed.


"A but ironic" <---:

> learned that "missiles" are not spent "missles"

I choose to believe that the author was channeling the spirit of Noah Webster as a deliberate champion of phonetic spelling reform.


Or Andrew Jackson approaching the problem from the other end.

“It is a damn poor mind indeed which can't think of at least two ways to spell any word.”

As a rather, well... "creative" speller I blame Webster for locking things down and ruining it for the rest of us.


Different languages went down different paths in this regard, each with their own interesting advantages and disadvantages.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthographic_depth


I few years ago I saw a TV interview where some gen-z kid confidently stated: "the dictdionary is supposed to reflect how I talk, not the other was around."


Also known as descriptivism. That's what it do.


That's actually how many of the dictionary people see themselves.


    Most dictionaries are descriptivist, and
    that's why they frequently have multiple
    spellings of words. It's because of your
    teachers, style guides & internet trolls
    that anyone says the dictionary spelling
    is the only correct spelling.

The tricky part is that spoken language and written language are not the same. Even if you are a descriptionist that believes dictionaries should represent how people write, it doesn't necessarily mean that the spelling changes based on how people pronounce it.


What a rude approach! I will always prefer the more classic and civilized way of waiting for the dictionary to invent new words for me to use.

That is in fact what the dictionary is supposed to do.


Yes, but also with a bit of lag.

A dictionary would be all but useless, if it included words used for 2 months, and essentially never used in that context, way, or spelling again. That sort of means teenage slang probably shouldn't appear, and amusingly if it did appear in the dictionary, it'd probably be less 'cool' to use that slang.

And alt-spellings for 'being kool' aren't what I'd call a dictionary thing.

Put another way, slang is in the dictionary, but only long-standing slang. Such as 'cool'. I'd see it more as temp slang->more used->enters dictionary-> eventually the 'slang' note is dropped, it's just language.

I'd want to see a word used for a few years, before it enters. And really, some slang morphs endlessly, like a fire flickering and then going out. How do you capture that? Even online, it'd be out of date once published.

And lots of slang is colloquial. Do you care to add slang language used across dozens of regions in the US?

I recall 20 years ago, Oxford Dictionary took a literal physical trip across Canada, and made the Canadian Oxford Dictionary, filled with 2200 'Canadianisms'. Akin to what you're saying here, if people are using it, it should be in there. But these were things Canadians had been saying for decades...

Anyhow.

I guess my point is, the kid was wrong because transitory has no value in the dictionary. His special words won't be used by even him, in a year.


A natural descriptivist.


And are British, at least in Australia (and the US, I guess?) we pronounce the second "i".

It is always fun when you notice where someone is from based on secondary clues like that -- my favourite is the choice of "a" or "an" where it is ambiguous (for instance, I recently ran across "an HTTP request" where I would've said "a HTTP request").


I thought the rules were clear and it depends on how the word is pronounced, with a vowel or consonant sound.

I have only heard people say H T T P, as specific letters when pronouncing HTTP, and thus the a or an should be based on how one would pronounce the letter "H". And H would be pronounced as "aitch". Starts with an a -> vowel sound -> should be "an".

But I'm a non native english speaker, so I'm happy to be proven wrong.


Some UK speakers pronounce "H" as "haitch" (with a non-silent leading 'h'), not "aitch". Which leads to "a haitch tee ...".

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H#Name


Not uncommon in Australia too. As a very ordinary General Australian speaker I use haitch (and therefore a, not an). I'm probably not 100% consistent in this. It's one of many words where Australian English permits two equally valid pronunciations (e.g. 'dance').

I do cringe when people insist on "an + h" where the h is in fact invariably pronounced, as in "an historic occasion". You only ever seem to hear this from Americans trying to sound educated, which makes me suspect it's affected, not organic. I doubt the person giving a speech on 'an historic occasion' would then go home and give his kid 'an history book'.


> I do cringe when people insist on "an + h" where the h is in fact invariably pronounced, as in "an historic occasion".

Some people do in fact say "istoric", which seems largely like an affectation.


Specifically, upper-class Brits pronounce the "h". See this classic Monty Python sketch which makes fun of it:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pnq96W9jtuw&t=66s

    Praline: 'Ello. I would like to buy a fish license, please.

    Clerk: A what?

    Praline: A license for my pet fish, Eric.

    Clerk: How did you know my name was Eric?

    Praline: No, no, no, no. My _fish's_ name is Eric. Eric the fish. 'E's an 'alibut.

    Clerk: What?

    Praline (in upper-class accent): He is an halibut.
There was a lot of discourse about the (then declining) aristocracy and their mannerisms, accents and so on, in the 1950s and 1960s. In particular, discussion of "U" (upper class) versus "non-U" English, highlighting the differences in language usage between classes: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U_and_non-U_English

The Pythons were highly attuned to this class distinction and wrote it into their sketches. Another good sketch is an upper-class family distinguishing "woody" and "tinny" sounds, but the whole sketch's premise is to laugh at the odd mannerisms of the upper-classes.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M3-51DhOzHE


> Specifically, upper-class Brits pronounce the "h".

  I think you have this slightly muddled. It's not that upper-class Brits
  pronounce more of the "h" sounds. The idea is that upper-class types go
  to private schools and they learn French, and so they know that lots of
  English words that have a leading "h" are French loanwords and thus the
  they are unaspirated in the original, i.e. the "h" is silent – it ought
  not to be said. "Hotel", "hospital", "honour", "homage", and so on - no
  leading "huh" sound. Which means that the word starts on a vowel sound,
  and in turn, that means it takes "an" in front not "a". 

  But people who don't know French and don't know which words have a sort
  of silent H on the front and which don't try to hyper-correct – so they
  start inserting extra initial "huh" sounds on words beginning with some
  form of vowel.

  This is how old British TV comedies tried to parody policemen talking -
  they are often working class but in dealing with lawyers, judges, etc.,
  they are aware of speaking to someone from a higher social class and so
  they try to speak more "proper" and insert loads of extra "h" sounds.

  "Hin my hopinion, your onner, the suspect was hup to something."

  Drop the "h" sounds where they _should_ be, and at the same time insert
  extra ones where they shouldn't be.

  I think this is what the Pythons were playing with. Now that Britain is
  a little bit less class-conscious – and foreign accents are heard a lot
  more often – it doesn't seem funny any more so it's gone away. That's a
  good thing overall, I reckon.

  (Wondering how long I should keep this up...)

> (Wondering how long I should keep this up...)

Forever, I'm finding it very entertaining


  > Forever, I'm finding it very entertaining

  Why thank you! :-)

  There's reams of it on my late-1990s homepage, which I resurrected and
  uploaded a few years ago. I did an extremely cursory update but expect
  plenty of broken links and things.

  Finding it is an exercise for the reader... ;-)

Hey, I can go further and point out further muddles and general weird English inconsistencies.

Expensively educated people might pronounce French loanwords by dropping the h in an ostentatiously French way (and maybe making homage rhyme with fromage) to showcase their etymology knowledge and are more likely to use the grammatical convention[1] of prefixing them with 'an' rather than 'a' even even when sounding the 'h'. But the "correct", RP way their expensive education teaches them to enunciate the words you listed as English words is with a leading h and has been for a century or so, except 'honour' (also 'honest', 'heir'), which pretty much no native speaker pronounces the 'h' in.

[1]now usually an historic grammatical convention ;-) it survived longer than the silent 'h' in 'historic' in conventional English speech though...

On the other hand a leading 'h' is routinely dropped in spoken English in most words in many British dialects spoken by less expensively educated people (especially southern urban "working class" people), which has no more to do with French etymology than the glottal stop that means some of the same accents also drop a lot of 't's from the middle of words. That's where all the twentieth century jokes involving Cockney stereotypes overcorrecting by inappropriately adding 'h' when trying to speak 'proper' come from. The overcorrecting in turn came from "upper class" people being snobbish about the sort of person who 'abitually indulged in "h-dropping"...

As for the name of the letter, according to the OED and RP dialect the sort of expensive schools that emphasize correct pronunciation teach, it's is definitely called 'aitch' in British English. And has been for several hundred years. Not all people who pronounce it 'aitch' are "upper class" (there's a rapper with the stage name Aitch) but all people who are "upper class" are taught to pronounce it 'aitch'. On the other hand, it's a bit weird that the name of the letter doesn't contain the letter, so lots of British people whose education doesn't involve teachers emphasising The Correct Way To Speak feel the name for the letter 'h' should start with the letter 'h', hence 'haitch'.

Also, Irish dialects call it 'haitch'; in Northern Ireland it's apparently a shibboleth distinguishing between Irish-identifying Catholics ('haitch') and British-identifying Protestants ('aitch'). Suspect this also has nothing to do with the French :)

So "upper class" learn to enunciate the letter 'h' without an 'h' in it, but are taught to pronounce it more or less everywhere else (with a few quirks to keep them honest) and others more likely to drop the 'h' sound from other words but add it to the letter name. Yes, English pronunication is weird

For those desperate for even more 'h' discourse, seee: https://www.oed.com/dictionary/h_n and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H-dropping


Thanks for that!

> Also, Irish dialects call it 'haitch'; in Northern Ireland it's apparently a shibboleth distinguishing between Irish-identifying Catholics ('haitch') and British-identifying Protestants ('aitch'). Suspect this also has nothing to do with the French :)

Fascinating. I didn't know that, despite my Belfast-born dad being the reason I'm a citizen.


Perhaps the most succinct explanation of British class difference is the famous Frost Report sketch featuring John Cleese, Ronnie Barker and Ronnie Corbett:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_sketch

https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00hhrwl


You're quite right that the rules are clear and native speakers get them correct almost all of the time (I've not seen one get it wrong while speaking but some people were taught it as a spelling rule at school and so tend to write it incorrectly), but the difference is that different speakers pronounce the leading "H" differently.

In Australia we pronounce the H more like "heitch" while in the US people tend to pronounce it as "eytch" (IPA would probably more descriptive here, sorry!). In the UK it's a bit more of a mixed bag, as others have already elucidated.

"Ambiguous" was probably a poor word choice, I meant to say that because both ways of writing are technically valid based on the accent of the author there is an element of freedom in the choice that tells you something about them.


The term for this is a "shibboleth", if it's of interest:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shibboleth


  A shibboleth is a little more specific: it's the pronunciation of one
  specific sound in a different way that marks out a person as from one
  specific group. 

  So, some of the go-tos... New Zealand English tends to turn an /i/ in
  even stressed positions into schwa (the sound on the end of "little",
  or "umbrella", or "gopher", and one of the key sounds to master for a
  non-native learner who wants to improve their English accent). When a
  Kiwi says "fish and chips" it sounds like "fush and chups", "swimming
  pool" becomes "swumming pool", and this is _the_ way to distinguish a
  Kiwi from an Australian, because to the rest of the Anglophone world,
  NZ English sounds very like Aus English.

  Canadians tend to pronounce the "ow" sound in words like "about" in a
  way that to my British ear sounds Scottish: it becomes "aboot". So if
  I hear someone speaking with an American sounding accent but they say
  "I found oot aboot something," I ask them if they're Canadian. I tend
  to find most Canadians and New Zealanders are delighted if someone is
  able to tell, so ask very early on and you can make new friends. :-)

> and this is _the_ way to distinguish a Kiwi from an Australian

Well, that, and Kiwis tend to say "hey bro" a lot ;)

Beached Whale: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZdVHZwI8pcA


  I guess I have mainly met older kiwis!

  I slightly know Terry Stewart of https://www.classic-computers.org.nz/
  from mailing lists, and while I don't follow any Youtube channels as a
  rule, I used to enjoy his videos:

  https://www.youtube.com/@tezzaNZ

  I probably heard more NZ English from Terry than anyone else!

My understanding of shibboleth is that it refers to the primary pronunciation identifying the speaker (which is how it was used biblically).

Those are also interesting but it feels a bit more special to me when it's a secondary speech characteristic because it feels a bit more like a clue in a detective novel -- it almost feels like you can hear inside the author's head and how they vocalise while they write.

In this case, "missle" is a malapropism that is only possible if you don't pronounce the second "i", and so is a secondary "speech" characteristic.


Should be missels then?


Let's settle the argument by all agreeing on mussels instead, and enjoy a nice seafood dish with garlic and a white wine sauce. Delicious.


A well renown dish in Belgium's capital.

To best be enjoyed with a muscular buddy.

https://focusonbelgium.be/en/Do%20you%20know%20these%20Belgi...


They're where they keep the nuclear wessels.


*Nucular wessels.


Spelling reform was associated with the Abolitionist movement; they published the Wecli Fonetic Advocat in Sinsinati.

I'd argue that "le" is not really phonetic to how people pronounce words ending in that; "missils" would be more phonetic


> "missils" would be more phonetic

  Only for Americans. In British English, it's "MISS isle", and "MISSul" is
  a church book. I'm not Christian and I am not sure of exactly what's in a
  _missal_ but it's prayers or something.

  I do not know if American English even has missals. They're old fashioned
  things these days, I think. But in my dialect, "missile" and "missal" are
  two different words with 2 different sounds, which means that when I hear
  Americans talking about the fast moving weaponry what I hear is that they
  are launching prayer books at someone. It's not a very common word and so
  I keep forgetting.

A missal generally has bible passages organized by mass date (instead of in the usual order), as well as some hymns and a reference to the order of mass (the things that happen when you go to church)

Aha.

I was very vaguely notionally Church of England until age 11, although still had to go to Chapel daily from 12-17. I have never been to Mass and I don't really know what goes on in a Mass. I'm not even sure if Anglicans have Mass.

My local Canon certainly had plenty of small-m mass: big lad. Nonetheless, when he scattered my father's ashes in the sea, he got caught by a wave, and proved that despite this he could run backwards up a shingle beach, wearing wet robes, at surprising speed.


In northeastern US, missile is anywhere between 'ill', and schwa 'ul', but not 'aisle'. "Hurled a miss-aisle" is sometimes heard in court.

I was responding to the framing of the parent comment that suggested "missles", which already essentially ignored that pronunciation.

You said only:

"how people pronounce words ending in that"

You did not restrict which people you were talking about, and that's a critical omission. Nobody in my daily life, in real life where I live or on TV or radio, would ever say "missal" when they meant "missile".


> I'd argue that "le" is not really phonetic to how people pronounce words ending in that

Sorry? How do you think people pronounce words such as truffle / turtle / tremble / pickle / maple / rubble / etc. etc. etc.?


They pronounce these words as if the e and the l were reversed, if "truffle" was written in a phonetic manner it would be written "truffel". Since the "l" sound is last and preceded by a schwa, "truffle" (or "missle") obviously cannot be considered phonetic.


> They pronounce these words as if the e and the l were reversed, if "truffle" was written in a phonetic manner it would be written "truffel".

You can just look this up. The usual way to write "truffle" in a phonetic manner is of course /tɹʌfl̩/. You'll note that there is no vowel in the second syllable at all; it consists of just the L. (And that's what the small mark below the L means - "syllabic".) This is the standard phonetic analysis.

You might also notice that the IPA differs from your proposed spelling in several other ways. One, the difference between "ɹ" and "r", has no relevance in a discussion of English. But the difference between "f" and "ff" is more significant, and the difference between "u" (the vowel in GOOSE) and "ʌ" (the vowel in STRUT) is of critical importance.

And this is still just a phonemic transcription. Phonetically, you'd expect the word to be [tʃɹʌfl̩], with the initial consonant matching that of "chill" and not "till".

All of these are conventions of written English. Written "tr" is pronounced as if it were written "chr". Pronounced [tʃɹ] is always spelled "tr" and never spelled "chr". The difference in vowel quality between "moping" and "mopping" is indicated, as you probably already noticed, by the doubling of the consonant written after the vowel, and this is also the reason for the double "f" in "truffle". Why do we write an extra "f" when what we mean is that we're changing the pronunciation of the vowel before it? Not for phonetic reasons.

And what do you know, there's a standard spelling of syllabic L in English too, and that standard spelling is "-le", not "-el". That spelling is phonetic in exactly the same way that using "m" to spell the initial consonant of "mat" is phonetic - it is the established mapping between the orthography and the pronunciation.


Well I know what you mean, it's phonetic in the same way that a silent "ent" and "p" in "comptent" are "phonetic" in French, or the silent "n"s in "pannenkoeken" are in Dutch. In common language though we call that "not phonetic". But that's not what the person you were responding to was talking about, and it also has nothing to do with IPA notation: we were obviously not writing IPA here.

However to come back to IPA and "truffle", Wiktionary (not a definitive source I know, but there is no definitive source whatsoever about anything regarding the English language) does that say "truffle" rymes with /-ʌfəl/ with a schwa right there between the f and the l. The pronunciation of the word itself in Wiktionary is indicated with a syllable break rather than a schwa, which I would absolutely dispute, and indeed it looks like Cambridge dictionary[1] puts a schwa there in addition to the syllable break.

It's also written "truffel" in Dutch for what it's worth.

[0] https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/truffle [1] https://dictionary.cambridge.org/pronunciation/english/truff...


> Well I know what you mean, it's phonetic in the same way that a silent "ent" and "p" in "comptent" are "phonetic" in French

No, that's not what I said at all. Stipulating that the -ent and the -p- are silent in the French word comptent, there is also a French word comte of identical pronunciation, which limits the amount of phonetic information that the silent -ent and -p- could be carrying. (In fact, I believe the verb ending may be realized in certain cases, as the "silent N" ending the English indefinite article is often realized.)

The doubling of the "f" in truffle is nothing like that. The hypothetical word trufle would be pronounced differently. That difference wouldn't have anything to do with the F, but nevertheless it is indicated by the spelling; the spelling is conveying phonetic information.

This is also the case for the spelling -le. It represents an English sound. It is the spelling you would expect a trained speaker to produce for a novel word featuring that sound. You can't get any more phonetic than that.

> Wiktionary (not a definitive source I know, but there is no definitive source whatsoever about anything regarding the English language) does that say "truffle" rymes with /-ʌfəl/ with a schwa right there between the f and the l.

I'll return to this in a moment.

> The pronunciation of the word itself in Wiktionary is indicated with a syllable break rather than a schwa,

Just to be clear, the "syllable break" is the period between the f and the syllabic l. The symbol that tells you the l constitutes a syllable in itself is the small mark underneath it.

> which I would absolutely dispute

Why? That's how the word is pronounced.

> and indeed it looks like Cambridge dictionary puts a schwa there in addition to the syllable break.

We're back to the first point!

First, let's observe that there is absolutely no dispute over the idea that "truffle" is two syllables long. The presence of a syllable break is universally agreed.

Second, the reason wiktionary gives a more accurate rendition of the pronunciation is that it's mostly maintained by enthusiasts.

The convention of dictionaries is cited by wikipedia:

> Many dialects of English may use syllabic consonants in words such as sudden [ˈsʌd.n̩], awful [ˈɔːfɫ̩] and rhythm [ˈɹɪðm̩], which English dictionaries' respelling systems usually treat as realizations of underlying sequences of schwa and a consonant (for example, /ˈsʌd.ən/).

( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllabic_consonant )

This is a convention, no less than the spelling "-le" is. It is advantageous in dictionaries, where you'd like each syllable to be more or less pronounceable on its own; the grapheme "-le" can't occur in isolation. The phonetic analysis is what I already told you it is, and what wikipedia repeats in that quote.

(In the case of sudden, the difference is crystal clear - if you pronounce it without detaching your tongue from the roof of your mouth between the /d/ and the /n/, you can only be producing a syllabic n. You can also do this test with subtle, but not with truffle, since /f/ doesn't share the same articulatory properties that /d/, /t/, and /l/ do.)


Many dialects of English pronounce 'tr' as 'tr' and not tshr or chr. Likewise 'dr' is 'dr', although there are some that pronounce drink like "jrink".

I think they pronounce them non-phonetically, and I'm not really sure what's confusing about that. Pronunciation differing from spelling is literally what it means to say something isn't phonetic; if I accepted the spelling of other non-phonetic words as proof that something is phonetic, then everything by definition would be phonetic, and the entire concept would be pointless.

In my mind, the natural phonetic spelling of "le" is an L sound followed by an E sound. Works like "truffle" and "turtle" have an E sound followed by an L sound. I don't think that's phonetic.


Conversations like this are a dead end. You can't devise a phonetic spelling convention without using a phonetic alphabet. The reason you think that "le" makes sense and the person you are responding to thinks otherwise is that in English, the pronunciation of "le" isn't phonetically consistent.

I imagine that GP's reasoning is that in writing "missile", the consonant is followed by a vowel, while phonetically the vowel is followed by a consonant.

The issue is further compounded by the fact that there's more than one common pronunciation of "missile".


> Conversations like this are a dead end. You can't devise a phonetic spelling convention without using a phonetic alphabet.

I don't disagree with the latter point, but the former doesn't make sense to me; unless you're saying that there wouldn't be enough phonemes representable by the letters to define spellings for all English words? In my mind, the entire point of a conversation like this is hypothetical changes to the language to make it phonetically consistent; of course it isn't right now, or we wouldn't need to have a conversation.

You've correctly identified what my reasoning is, but you seem to be circularly saying that since English isn't currently phonetic, it's impossible to come up with a spelling for it using sounds that roughly resemble the common sounds letters are using today in order to make it phonetic. I guess I don't know that it's literally impossible, but I don't think it's self-evident that it's not possible, and I think it's fairly straightforward changing the spelling of words ending in "le" to "el" would be more consistent to how "le" is used in other places in words where changing their spelling would be more difficult (e.g. there's not really any clear way to spell "less" without preserving "le" at the beginning).

You're definitely right that I hadn't considered that some dialects pronounce "missile" in a way where it's pronounced differently, but I'd argue that the obvious example (British pronunciation) was already basically ignored by the comment I was responding to, so I didn't really introduce the inconsistency.


> and I think it's fairly straightforward changing the spelling of words ending in "le" to "el" would be more consistent to how "le" is used in other places in words where changing their spelling would be more difficult (e.g. there's not really any clear way to spell "less" without preserving "le" at the beginning).

I don't see why that argument is supposed to make sense on its own terms. The system we have now is that -le and le- are different. You want to reform -le to be spelled -el because its pronunciation is closer to that of (-)el- than to le-.

But making that spelling change will reduce the "inconsistency" you don't like that exists between -le and le- precisely by introducing a new inconsistency between -el and el-. Why is that supposed to be an improvement of any kind?


> but the former doesn't make sense to me; unless you're saying that there wouldn't be enough phonemes representable by the letters to define spellings for all English words?

Then you're inventing a phonetic alphabet that happens to look like the English alphabet. That's what makes discussions like this are pointless. No one has established a phonetic definition of "le" or "el", which is the only basis according to which one can decide which is phonetically more appropriate.


The misspelling seems to be consistent (>200 times), though it seems like a quite common one. A 1982 DOS game was even titled "Missle Strike", long before Metroid was released.

Liquid Haskell might require you to prove that the divisor is nonzero, but even in standard Haskell there's common idioms for ensuring that a list is non-empty (data NonEmpty a = a :| [a]) or that text is non-empty (newtype NonEmptyText = NonEmptyText Text, with non-exported constructor, helpers like make :: Text -> NonEmptyText, or more advanced tricks like https://exploring-better-ways.bellroy.com/haskell-koan-type-... ).

The big problem preventing this approach from working for numbers is that it's just so cumbersome there. Most of this is because all the arithmetic operators are bundled into a single Num typeclass, and `fromInteger :: Num a => Integer -> a` has a type that's impossible for a "non-zero number" wrapper to satisfy.


Definitely room for improvement on Haskell's standard library when it comes to the number-related type classes. Modern Haskell could do very well in this area with a good type-class redesign in this area. The issue I think is that this would invalidate a lot of existing code, relying upon that. But you can already replace Prelude with something else in your own code if you want to.


I think Idris has a better chance there.


OOP has those too, and they're very annoying.


In Haskell they are a little less annoying. It is just easier to reason about (including proving) pure functions.


I meant the constrained types by hiding the constructors. Super annoying, not automatically convertible, in Haskell you have to remember what the fake constructor is called, and write it every time you use it, but at least it's efficiently implemented with newtype, unlike the Java OOP version. Think about writing a value with several nested constrained types, like NonEmptyListOne (makeNonZeroNumber 42, 'h' `NonEmptyString` "ello world"). It's just really annoying.


The blog link I mentioned avoids this cost with literals, by providing using a required type argument to check the string length at compile time without TH. It requires a relatively recent GHC:

    make :: forall symbol -> (IsNonEmptySymbol symbol) => NonEmptyText

    type family IsNonEmptySymbol symbol :: Constraint where
      IsNonEmptySymbol "" = Unsatisfiable (Text "Expected a non-empty string")
      IsNonEmptySymbol _ = (()::Constraint) -- empty constraint is always satisfied


Given the passing of nitter, xcancel, etc., thank you for quoting the relevant text.


The nitter software still works and so do most of the servers except the most popular 2


> so do most of the servers except the most popular 2

Are you sure? All three servers I regularly use, as well as all of the mirrors that I found with a quick search, are down. If there are other servers still working then can you please give a hint about how I could find them?


I just set one up but it's not public yet. It was very easy and it just worked.


xcancel.com and nittler.poast.org were the only remaining servers that worked reliably for me before the cease&desist.


What fun. War stories like this are what keep me coming back to HN.


Yeah, the ACL is fantastic. I have an AMD Framework 13 that had a fan bearing fail, which caused the fan to scream and spin up/down erratically. I had a long back-and-forth with Framwework support where they told me what I already knew (the fan bearing failed and the fan needed replacing) and that it was out of warranty (yeah nah, not in Australia). As soon as I mentioned the consumer guarantees under the ACL, I was invited to remove the SSD and ship the unit to their service centre for a fix.

The machine has been fine since and I still really like it.


Legendary story. Thank you to share. Another win for ACL! BTW: Loved this part: "yeah nah".


It helped that Apple had a page for their statutory warranty in AU, so I could point to the sticker price of both machines and say "look, Apple acknowledges the consumer guarantee for at least 24 months after purchase and possibly longer, and I have paid a similar amount of money for a Framework".

https://www.apple.com/legal/warranty/docs/statutory_warranty... (Page 2):

> Without limiting consumers rights, Apple will provide its own remedies equivalent to those remedies in the consumer guarantee provisions of the Australian Consumer Law at any time within 24 months of the date of purchase. For the avoidance of doubt, Apple acknowledges that the Australian Consumer Law may provide for remedies beyond 24 months for a number of its products.


The 8088 MPH demo, for example, pushed the PC Speaker pretty far: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHXx3orN35Y


Using a sound card (read the comments)



I haven't seen a https://wiki.c2.com/?SmugLispWeenie in the wild for a very long time. I thought they'd all gone extinct!


There's dozens of us! Dozens! /s

(and all self-aware)


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